What is relocation in operating system?

What is relocation in operating system?

Relocation is the process of assigning load addresses for position-dependent code and data of a program and adjusting the code and data to reflect the assigned addresses.

What is relocation explain with its types?

Relocation is the process of connecting symbolic references with symbolic definitions. For example, when a program calls a function, the associated call instruction must transfer control to the proper destination address at execution.

What is dynamic relocation in OS?

Dynamic relocation is where data currently stored in the computer memory is relocated to other parts of the computer. This process creates more efficient memory storage while a program is still active.

What is the difference between static relocation and dynamic relocation?

Static Relocation – Program must be relocated before or during loading of process into memory. Program must always be loaded into same address space in memory, or relocator must be run again. Dynamic Relocation – Process can be freely moved around in memory.

What are the different types of operating system?

Types of operating systems

• Batch operating systems. The batch operating system does not have a direct link with the computer. …
• Time-sharing or multitasking operating systems. …
• Distributed operating systems. …
• Network operating systems. …
• Real-time operating systems. …
• Mobile operating systems. …
• Microsoft Windows. …
• Apple iOS.

What is the static relocation in memory?

The first method of relocation is known as static relocation. In this process, the operating system adjusts the memory address of a process to reflect its starting position in memory. Once a process is assigned a starting position in memory, it executes within the space it has been allocated.

What is ELF relocation?

The typical application of an ELF relocation is to determine the referenced symbol value, extract the addend (either from the field to be relocated or from the addend field contained in the relocation record, as appropriate for the type of relocation record), apply the expression implied by the relocation type to the …

What is linker and its types?

Linkage Editor and Dynamic linker are the two types of linker. Absolute loading, Dynamic Run-time loading, and Relocatable loading are three kinds of loader. Combining all object modules is another use of a linker. The loader allocates the address to executable files.

What is relocation in assembler?

A relocation is a directive embedded in the object file that enables source code to refer to a label whose target address is unknown or cannot be calculated at assembly time. The assembler emits a relocation in the object file, and the linker resolves this to the address where the target is placed.

What is fragmentation and its types?

Fragmentation is an unwanted problem in the operating system in which the processes are loaded and unloaded from memory, and free memory space is fragmented. Processes can’t be assigned to memory blocks due to their small size, and the memory blocks stay unused.

What is Dynamic relocation using a relocation register?

Dynamic relocation is the second (and more advanced) method of relocation. In this method, hardware adds relocation register (base value ) to the virtual address generated by the compiler. The relocation register allows translation to a physical memory address.

What is external and internal fragmentation in operating system?

Internal Fragmentation occurs when a process needs more space than the size of allotted memory block or use less space. External Fragmentation occurs when a process is removed from the main memory.

What is the difference between static and dynamic allocation?

The memory is allocated at the runtime. In static memory allocation, while executing a program, the memory cannot be changed. In dynamic memory allocation, while executing a program, the memory can be changed. Static memory allocation is preferred in an array.

What is difference between loader and linker?

A linker is an important utility program that takes the object files, produced by the assembler and compiler, and other code to join them into a single executable file. A loader is a vital component of an operating system that is accountable for loading programs and libraries.

What is the difference between static variable and dynamic variable?

Static variables (should) remain the same e.g. temperature of a water bath, k constant of a particular spring. Dynamic variables change as the experiment progresses e.g. air temperature and pressure, amount of natural light.

What are the 5 types of operating system?

For the most part, the IT industry largely focuses on the top five OSs, including Apple macOS, Microsoft Windows, Google’s Android OS, Linux Operating System, and Apple iOS.

What are the 4 major types of operating system?

What are the types of an Operating System?

• Batch Operating System. …
• Time-Sharing Operating System. …
• Distributed Operating System. …
• Embedded Operating System. …
• Real-time Operating System.

What are the 8 types of operating system?

Types of Operating System (OS)

• Batch Operating System.
• Multitasking/Time Sharing OS.
• Multiprocessing OS.
• Real Time OS.
• Distributed OS.
• Network OS.
• Mobile OS.