What does the Physical Quality of Life Index measure?

What does the Physical Quality of Life Index measure?

The definition of the Physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI) is the measure of the quality of life or well-being of a country. The value is the average of three statistics: basic literacy rate, infant mortality, and life expectancy at age one.

What is PQLI And why is this important?

The PQLI informs about the changing distribution of social benefits among countries, between the sexes, among ethnic groups, and by region and sector. The PQLI facilitates international and regional comparisons by minimizing developmental and cultural ethnocentricities.

What are the advantages of Physical Quality of Life Index?

Advantage of P.Q.L.I Q.L.I helps to government to understand the overall welfare in the economy and how well its welfare policies are being implemented. This helps the government to take corrective action. The method followed to measure P.Q.L.I is standard for all the countries.

What are the three indicators of Physical Quality of Life Index?

It uses three indicators: literacy, infant mortality, and life expectancy at age one. Each is place on a fixed 1–100 scale.

How PQLI is calculated with example?

These 3 inferences must then be averaged in order to calculate the PQLI. For example: life expectancy value 77 (highest in the world) minus 38 (lowest)/100 = . 39. In order to measure the value of India’s life expectancy: value of 1-year-old’s life expectancy = 56 (1-year-old’s life expectancy in India) minus 38/.

How do you calculate PQLI?

The PQLI index is calculated by averaging the three indicators giving equal weight to each and the index is also scaled from 0 to 100. If the indicators of life expectancy and basic literacy rate are positive, the best performance is shown as the maximum and the worst as the minimum.

What is the difference between PQLI and HDI?

PQLI and HDI are similar, the main difference between the two being the inclusion of income in HDI and exclusion of the same from PQLI. In a sense, HDI represents both physical and financial attributes of development and PQLI has only the physical aspects of life.

What is the physical quality of life index in India?

The Physical Quality of Life Index is an arithmetic mean of the literacy rate, infant mortality, and life expectancy rate, with each element receiving equal weighting.

What are the elements included in PQLI?

It combines literarcy rate, infant mortality rate, and life expectancy, using scales from the lowest to the highest values in the global system. It weights the three scales equally. The literacy rate is, in turn, a function of the per capita spending levels on education, estimated cross-sectionally.

What are the limitations of HDI?

Limitations of Human Development Index HDI reflects long-term changes (e.g. life expectancy) and may not respond to recent short-term changes. Higher national wealth does not indicate welfare. GNI may not necessarily increase economic welfare; it depends on how it is spent.

What is the range of PQLI?

The three-item PQLI is calculated on a scale that ranges from 0 to 100: (1) the percentage of the population that is literate (literacy rate), (2) the rate of indexed infant mortality ((166—infant mortality) × 0.625), and (3) indexed years of average life expectation ((life expectancy—42) × 2.7).

What is Physical Quality of Life Index Upsc?

Physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI) – Introduced by M D Morris in 1979, it is the average of three statistics: basic literacy rate (at the age of 15 years), infant mortality, and life expectancy at age one, all equally weighted on a 0 to 100 scale. It was widely used till 1990, when HDI was introduced.

What is HPI in economics?

The Human Poverty Index (HPI) is a composite index of poverty that focuses on deprivations in human lives, aimed at measuring poverty as a failure in capabilities in multiple dimensions, in contrast to the conventional headcount measure focused on low incomes.

Who introduced the concept of physical quality of life?

Sociologist. Morris D Morris introduced the concept of physical quality of life index.

Who introduced HDI?

Description: Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq created HDI in 1990 which was further used to measure the country’s development by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP).

Who published PQLI?

Abstract. The Overseas Development Council (ODC) provides a measurement called the Physical Quality of Life (PQLI). The PQLI combines infant mortality, life expectancy, and literacy into a single index for each of 150 countries.

Who invented the quality of life index?

The Quality of Life Index (QLI), Copyright 1984 and 1998 (USA) by Carol Estwing Ferrans and Marjorie Powers, was developed to measure quality of life, defined as “a person’s sense of well-being that stems from satisfaction or dissatisfaction with the areas of life that are important to him/her”(1).

In which year was the concept of Physical Quality of Life Index?

Created by the economist Mahbub ul Haq in 1990, this index was designed to register the “expansion of choice” provided by good health, knowledge, and access to material goods (United Nations Development Programme 1990).