What is the purpose of FNAC test?

What is the purpose of FNAC test?

Abstract. Background: Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) is a simple, quick and inexpensive method that is used to sample superficial masses like those found in the neck and is usually performed in the outpatient clinic. It causes minimal trauma to the patient and carries virtually no risk of complications.

What is the indication of fine needle aspiration biopsy?

Fine needle aspiration biopsies are often performed when a suspicious lump is found, for example a breast lump or enlarged lymph node, or if an abnormality is detected on an imaging test such as x-ray, ultrasound or mammography.

What FNAC can detect?

FNAC of lymph nodes is a very useful and simple tool in the diagnosis of lymph node malignancies. It may be the only tool in the diagnosis of metastatic lesions in the lymph nodes and can help to detect occult primary malignancies.

What is difference between biopsy and FNAC?

The sampling and biopsy considered together are called fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) or fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) (the latter to emphasize that any aspiration biopsy involves cytopathology, not histopathology). Fine-needle aspiration biopsies are very safe minor surgical procedures.

What happens if FNAC is positive?

What happens if the FNAC test is positive? A positive FNAC test does not necessarily indicate cancer. Your doctor may recommend additional tests to establish a final diagnosis based on your medical history, complaint, signs and symptoms, and clinical examination.

Can FNAC detect TB?

Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) provides an inexpensive, quick and safe alternative to histopathology for the diagnosis of tuberculosis. It’s a patient friendly technique and provides a good assessment of cytomorphological features.

What are indications for biopsy?

Core Needle Biopsy

Biopsy Type	Indications	Advantages
Surgical biopsy	Lesions close to chest wall, nipple, or breast implant High-risk lesions on CNB (i.e., ADH, ALH) Discordant radiologic imaging and pathology results Inadequate tissue sampling by FNA or CNB	Most definitive of the three biopsy types

What is a contraindication to a needle biopsy?

Contraindications. There are few absolute contraindications to FNA, the most likely being uncorrectable coagulopathy or platelet disorder. Relative contraindications include an inability to lie down, difficulty controlling rate and depth of respiration (more important for thoracic and abdominal biopsies), or anxiety.

When is a fine needle aspiration contraindicated?

Fine-needle aspiration is relatively contraindicated when there is a high degree of suspicion that cytology will not be sufficient to make the diagnosis and histology are needed; this is most commonly seen in the setting of suspected lymphoma.

Can FNAC detect lymphoma?

A cytodiagnosis of lymphoma was made in a total of 868 cases (2.8%) out of nearly 33,000 FNAC performed during the study period; 556 (64.1%) cases were diagnosed as non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), 198 (22.8%) as Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), and in 114 (13.1%) cases, a cytological diagnosis of lymphoma without further …

What is a reactive lymph node?

Reactive lymphadenopathy is when lymph glands respond to infection by becoming swollen. It often happens in children as their immunity is still developing. Lymph glands or nodes are small nodules which help the body fight infection and they tend to become bigger when they are active.

What does lymph node do?

A small bean-shaped structure that is part of the body’s immune system. Lymph nodes filter substances that travel through the lymphatic fluid, and they contain lymphocytes (white blood cells) that help the body fight infection and disease. There are hundreds of lymph nodes found throughout the body.

Which is more accurate biopsy or FNAC?

Studies carried out by Homesh NA et al., Usami S et al., to compare CNB & FNAC have reported very high sensitivity (91–99%), specificity (96–100%), positive predictive value (100%), and negative predictive value (100%) for CNB which are better than results for FNAC for both palpable and nonpalpable lesions [20,21].

Can FNAC be done twice?

It was found that the overall diagnostic results improved after repeating the FNAC. It can be concluded that repeating FNAC is useful and should be considered under some circumstances, especially in the case of non-diagnostic cervical lymph node aspirates.

When should FNAC and biopsy be done?

During a fine needle aspiration (FNA), a small amount of breast tissue or fluid is removed from a suspicious area with a thin, hollow needle and checked for cancer cells. This type of biopsy is sometimes an option if other tests show you might have breast cancer (although a core needle biopsy is often preferred).

What happens if FNAC test is negative?

When FNAC shows a positive finding, treatment should be given accordingly as FNAC has a high PPV. However, when FNAC shows a negative result, malignancy cannot be reliably ruled out since the NPV of FNAC is low (37%). PET/CT is then performed in these patients.

How accurate is FNAC test?

Overall, the sensitivity of FNAC diagnosis was found to be 95.2%, specificity was 68.4%, positive predictive value was 83.3%, negative predictive value was 89.6%, and accuracy was 85.14%.

When should a biopsy be done?

A doctor should recommend a biopsy when an initial test suggests an area of tissue in the body isn’t normal. Doctors may call an area of abnormal tissue a lesion, a tumor, or a mass. These are general words used to emphasize the unknown nature of the tissue.